Basic Concepts of Chemistry
States of matter: Basically matter is of 5 types
i) Solids
ii) Liquids
iii) Gases
iv) Plasma
v) Bose Einstein condensate.
Solids:
- Particles will hold very closely
- No free movement of particles
- Definite volume and definite shape
Liquids:
- Particles holds lightly with some vanderwaal forces.
- We can observe some partly movement of particles.
- Has definite volume.
- Doesn’t have definite volume.it can take the shape of the liquid in which it was placed.
Gases:
- Particles held very loosely.
- Free movement of particles will be there.
- Neither definite volume nor definite shape.
- These will occupy complete space in the container in which they can be placed.
These 3 states of matter are interconvertable as shown below:
Plasma:
- It is fourth state of matter which exists in gaseous state.
- It consists of equal number of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.
Example: fluorescent lights.
Bose-einstein condensate:
- This is forming by grouping of atoms cooled to with the temperature of absolute zero.
- It is also called as low temperature phenomena.
Example: superfluidity of helium isotopes
forms a liquid that flows with zero friction and superconductivity.