Basic Concepts of Chemistry

States of matter: Basically matter is of 5 types

i) Solids

ii) Liquids

iii) Gases

iv) Plasma

v) Bose Einstein condensate.

Solids:

• Particles will hold very closely
• No free movement of particles
• Definite volume and definite shape

Liquids:

• Particles holds lightly with some vanderwaal forces.
• We can observe some partly movement of particles.
• Has definite volume.
• Doesn’t have definite volume.it can take the shape of the liquid in which it was placed.

Gases:

• Particles held very loosely.
• Free movement of particles will be there.
• Neither definite volume nor definite shape.
• These will occupy complete space in the container in which they can be placed.

These 3 states of matter are interconvertable as shown below:

Plasma:

• It is fourth state of matter which exists in gaseous state.
• It consists of equal number of positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons.

Example: fluorescent lights.

Bose-einstein condensate:

• This is forming by grouping of atoms cooled to with the temperature of absolute zero.
• It is also called as low temperature phenomena.

Example: superfluidity of helium isotopes

forms a liquid that flows with zero friction and superconductivity.